My First Draft

  

  Many people use a lot of products in daily life. For example, you use some cosmetics for your dating. And If you catch a cold because you stay at home and turn on an air conditioner, you have medicine that doctor prescribed. Also, you have a meal when you are hungry. Most people use products without doubt because they believe that products are safe. So, What kind of process do these products go through in order to ensure these products are safe? They are tested through animal testing! Many companies experiment on animals to make safe products. But, use of animal in experiments cause controversy. There are some people who argue that animal testing is most effective and accurate method to develop medicine. On the other hands, there are some people who argue that we should not use animals on experiments because animal testing has cruelty and unreliable method. In such controversy, It seems like facts that we should not experiment on animal.

  

  Animal testing is any experiment using living animals in order to develop for scientific aim such as medicine, food or cosmetics. The various animals - from a protozoan to mammal - are used commonly in animal testing. In 2012, animals that are used for scientific experiment are approximately 500,000,0000 each year in the world. The origin of animal testing trace back to the ancient Greece. Hippocrates(BC460?~BC377?) explained reproduction and heredity through animal dissection. And Aristoteles(BC384~BC322) also developed anatomy and embryology through observing animal. Moreover, Claudios Galenos(129~199) who was roman physician in second century is famous because he investigated fact about brain nerves, muscle, bone and heart ,dissecting animals like monkey, pigs and goats. Like this, Study of animal dissection was important groundwork in medical areas. Although animal testing has led to advances in medical science, why people raise their voice against animal testing? Recently, animals experimentation video reveals that experimental animals that cannot move at all in plastic machines suffer from drugs tests. Although It is difficult to stop animal testing completely because Animal testing's purpose and form is various as the long history, people argue that animal testing should stop.

 

  First of all, animal testing reveals cruelty and hurts experimental animals. Some people believe that experimental animals died without pain during testing. But, If we see animal testing process, we cannot say it. The animal testing process shows that seriousness and cruelty of animal experiments. For example, In research and testing, animals are subjected to experiments that can include everything from testing new drugs to infecting with diseases, poisoning for toxicity testing, burning skin, causing brain damage, implanting electrodes into the brain, maiming, blinding, and other painful and invasive procedures. Another example is that Anesthetization, intubation, and euthanasia are also common lab procedures which require extensive training and skill. When improperly performed, these procedures cause extreme pain and discomfort. Like this, Many experimental animals suffer from physical distress during testing. Besides, They suffer from mental anguish. For example, Many animal experiments utilize restraining devices, designed to prevent an animal from moving. Also, Animals in labs suffer severe stress from day-to-day laboratory life. They spend their lives in barren cages, unable to make choices or express natural behaviors. Most never experience fresh air or sunshine, only bars and concrete. They show abnormal behavior because of poor environment. These animal experiments show that laboratory animals don't be respected. The rights of animals as well as human rights should be respected. So, Most animals should not suffer from not only mental anguish but also physical distress during testing any more because experimental animals are living creatures and should be respected.

 

  Next, Animal testing doesn't work. Some people think that animal testing is most accurate and reliable method because animals share many genes with humans. However, animals is not little human. They can be a human and human also can be animal. So, they cannot get human diseases. For example, Chimpanzees, animals with whom we share more than 98% of our DNA, don’t suffer from fatal forms of AIDS, hepatitis B or common malaria – diseases which kill millions of people every year. So, They can make poor data because animal testing cannot reflect human condition perfectly. The best-known example is thalidomide, used in the 1950s as a sedative and prescribed to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. Thalidomide was safe when tested in animals, but when used by mothers-to-be, led to birth defects in over 10,000 children. Moreover, Animal testing showed that penicillin was ineffective at treating infected rabbits (and was actually toxic to guinea pigs), yet later it proved safe and effective for treating bacterial infections in most humans. The animal experiments often show unreliable and unaccurate results. If use of animals on experiment continues, It can be a disaster to human because unreliable and unaccurate data can hurt a lot of people. So If real purpose of experiments is finding treatment for many disease and curing the human, we should not test on animals because animal experiment doesn't work.

    

  Finally, There are various alternatives to animal testing. Nowadays, Many experts have stated to find alternatives that are appropriate to human because animal testing is cruel and unreliable. The alternatives that experts find are now more effective and accurate rather than animal testing. Also, they have a lot of good points. These alternatives to animal testing include that complicated experiments using human cells and tissues, advanced computer-modeling techniques and studies with human volunteers. For example, Harvard’s Wyss Institute has created “organs-on-chips” that contain human cells grown in a state-of-the-art system to mimic the structure and function of human organs and organ systems. The chips can be used instead of animals in disease research, drug testing, and toxicity testing and have been shown to replicate human physiology, diseases, and drug responses more accurately than crude animal experiments do. These alternatives makes results that are actually relevant to human bodies. Also, non-animal testing has a lot of benefits. For examples, Non-animal tests are more cost-effective and practical. The traditional testing of chemicals using animals can take up to five years per substance and cost millions of dollars, while non-animal alternatives can test hundreds of chemicals in a week for a fraction of the cost. In sum, non-animal testing is more cost-effective and reliable while, animal experiments are unreliable and cruel. If we have more effective method, we don't have to experiment on animals.

 

  some people can argue that animal testing is most accurate method because humans share most genes with mammals. However, opponent's opinion is overlooking that animal testing cannot help people find human diseases because animals never reflect human bodies perfectly. So, medicine that is effective in animals may be ineffective in human bodies. Even, animal experiments lead to serious problem to human health. One of the best examples of this occurred when monkeys treated with a therapeutic antibody (anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412) did not predict the potentially fatal immune response that was triggered in humans. Also, It’s hardly surprising that the success rate for predicting harmful side effects from animal experiments is only 5-25%. So, animal testing is not accurate and reliable method because although they share a lot of genes with humans, animals testing can make poor data that have a bad effect on human beings.

  Also someone can say that It is very dangerous for humans to give a medicine that are not tested on animals directly. But It is not important because there are various alternative to animal testing. One of examples is advanced computer Modeling. It show that these models can accurately predict the ways that new drugs will react in the human body and replace the use of animals in exploratory research and many standard drug tests. we don't argue that we should give medicine to human without any testing such as animal testing. we can ensure that these products are safe through various alternatives that are more effective rather than animal testing.

 

  A responsible society should not allow experimenters to test using animals. First, animal testing is cruel and makes experimental animals suffer from severe pain. Next, animal testing doesn't work because animals never can reflect human bodies perfectly. Finally, There are various alternatives that are more reliable and effective rather than animal testing. 

  A controversy about animal testing occur when the animal experiment video show that many animals suffer from this testing. It is important for not only human beings but also animals to stop the animal testing because animals are living creature and should be respected. So, Stopping animal testing is best solution because animal testing can not only hurt experimental animals but also make poor data that hurt people. The Director of the National Institutes of Health, Dr. Francis Collins, recognized that “the use of animal models for therapeutic development and target validation is time consuming, costly, and may not accurately predict efficacy in humans.” If we don't stop the animal testing that cause serious problem to human health because people believe that animal experiment is effective way, we someday suffer from consequence of animal testing. Who will prevent this situation? It will be you and me. So, In order to prevent this situation, It is necessary to stop animal testing.